A. How to Pronounce -ed in English
The past simple tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed. For example:
| base verb (v1) | past simple (v2) | past participle (v3) |
|---|---|---|
| work | worked | worked |
In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed. For example:
- I like painted furniture.
The question is: How do we pronounce the -ed?
| If the base verb ends in one of these sounds: | example base verb*: | example with -ed: | pronounce the -ed: | extra syllable? | |
| unvoiced | /t/ | want | wanted | / Id/ | yes |
| voiced | /d/ | end | ended | ||
| unvoiced | /p/ | hope | hoped | / t/ | no |
| /f/ | laugh | laughed | |||
| /s/ | fax | faxed | |||
| /S/ | wash | washed | |||
| /tS/ | watch | watched | |||
| /k/ | like | liked | |||
| voiced | all other sounds, for example... | play | played | / d/ | |
| allow | allowed | ||||
| beg | begged | ||||
* note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, "fax" ends in the letter "x" but the sound /s/; "like" ends in the letter "e" but the sound /k/.
- he aged quickly /d/
- he blessed me /t/
- they dogged him /d/
- he has learned well /d/ or /t/
The pronunciation depends on the sound at the end of the infinitve of the main verb and whether it is voiced or not.
| /Id /infinitives that end in the sounds /t/ or /d/ | / d / infinitives that end in a voiced sound | / t / infinitves that end in an unvoiced sound |
| needed hated dated seated | lived chilled enjoyed tried | shopped picked wished crunched |
Regular Past Tense Verb Pronunciation Practice
Read the following dialogue. Write the phonetic symbol representing the sound
of the ed-ending above each past tense verb. Check your answers. Practice the
dialogue aloud with a partner. Be sure to carefully pronounce all past tense
endings!
Kathy: Tom, have you started your diet? I hope you haven’t gained weight.
Tom: I boiled eggs and sliced celery for lunch.
Kathy: Have you exercised at all?
Tom: I walked 5 miles and jogged in the park.
Kathy: Have you cleaned the house? Calories can be worked off that way.
Tom: I washed and waxed the floors. I even painted the bathroom.
Kathy: Who baked this apple pie? Who cooked this ham?
Tom: When I finished cleaning, I was starved. I prepared this food for dinner.
Kathy: Oh, no! I’ll take this food home so you won’t be tempted . I really enjoyed being with you. You diet is great!
Tom: What happened? Somehow, I missed out on all the fun.
Now, let's test your pronunciation by reading an article in the news today:
Article: http://news.yahoo.com/upside-shutdown-050011540.html
Still
We use still to say that a situation or action is continuing. It hasn't changed or stopped:
- It's 10 o'clock and Abdullah is still in bed.
- When I went to bed, Mohammed was still working.
- Do you still want to go to the party or have you changed your mind?
***Still usually goes in the middle of the sentence with the verb.
Yet
Yet =' until now'. We use yet mainly in negative sentences ( I haven't finished yet) and questions (Have you finished yet?). yet shows that the speaker is expecting to happen.
***Yet usually goes at the end of sentence:
· It's 10 o'clock and Abdullah hasn't got up yet.
· I'm hungry. Is dinner ready yet?
· We don't know where we are going for our holidays yet.
We often use yet with present perfect ( Have you finished yet?).
Compare yet and still:
· Abdullah lost his job a year ago and is still unemployed.
Abdullah lost his job a year ago and hasn't found another job yet.
· Is it still raining?
Has it stopped raining yet?
Still is also possible in negative sentences(before the negative):
· She said she would be here an hour ago and she still hasn't come.
This is similar to 'she hasn't come yet'. But still.. not shows a stronger feeling of surprise or impatience. Compare:
· I wrote to him last week. He hasn't replied yet. (but I expect he will reply soon).
· I wrote to him months ago and he still hasn't replied. (he should have replied before now)
Already
We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected.
***Already usually goes in the middle of a sentence:
***Already usually goes in the middle of a sentence:
· ' When is Sara going on holiday?' ' She has already gone.' (= sooner than you expected)
· Should I tell Fatima the news or does she already know?
· I've only just had lunch and I'm already hungry.
Check if you have mastered this. Here is a short multiple choice test:
C. Tell me something about yourself...
- List 3 beautiful/exotic places (countries, cities, regions, etc) that you want to visit but that you haven't yet (hint: use yet)
- List 3 memorable activities that you have done in the past (hint: use already)
- List 3 things that you plan to do but that you may not have started or you may have started but not finished (hint: use still)
Rotten Tomatoes: http://www.rottentomatoes.com/
Go to movies menu and select Top Movies. Choose your top 3 movies from the list of Best Movies of 2013 Once you have made your selections, do the following:
- Read the synopsis of the movie
- Watch the trailer
- Read a few user reviews and qualify the movie as:
- Very Bad
- Bad
- Mediocre
- Good
- Very Good
- Excellent
- Write your own review of the movies
- Select one of the critics' reviews and make it your own by modifying a few words.
- Do you recommend this film? Why or why not
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